The Indian national flag, known as the Tiranga, is a powerful symbol of the nation’s identity, unity, and values. Each of its three horizontal stripes holds deep historical and cultural significance, reflected through its official colours. Understanding the meaning behind these colours provides insight into India’s vision, struggle for independence, and continued aspirations.
The Structure of the Tiranga
The Tiranga consists of three equally-sized horizontal bands with a navy blue Ashoka Chakra (wheel) at the center. The official proportions of the flag are 3:2 in length to width, and its design was adopted on 22 July 1947, shortly before India gained independence.
Top Band: Saffron
The topmost colour of the Tiranga is India saffron (a deep saffron-orange). Officially defined in the flag code, this colour represents:
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Courage and sacrifice
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The strength of the nation
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The commitment of India’s people to uphold justice and truth
Saffron is traditionally associated with selflessness and spirituality in Indian culture, reflecting the importance of character and moral duty.
Middle Band: White
The middle band is pure white, symbolizing:
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Peace and honesty
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Harmony among all communities
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Clarity and truth in thought and action
The white colour also serves as the background for the Ashoka Chakra, emphasizing transparency and ethical governance.
Bottom Band: India Green
The bottom stripe is India green, which stands for:
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Fertility and growth
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Agriculture and the land
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Prosperity and life
Green reflects India’s connection with nature and its agricultural roots, reminding citizens of the importance of sustainable development and balance with the environment.
The Ashoka Chakra: A Deeper Meaning
Placed in the center of the white band is the Ashoka Chakra, a navy blue wheel with 24 equally spaced spokes. It symbolizes:
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The eternal wheel of law (Dharma)
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Movement and progress
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Justice and righteousness
The inclusion of the Ashoka Chakra connects the flag to ancient Indian history while emphasizing that India is a living nation that thrives on continual progress.
The Official Colour Codes
To ensure uniformity, the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) defines the flag’s colours using precise specifications:
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Saffron: India Saffron – ISI Colour No. 993
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White: Pure White
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Green: India Green – ISI Colour No. 284
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Chakra Blue: Navy Blue – Same as the wheel on the Lion Capital of Ashoka
These colours must be used consistently across all representations of the national flag, especially during official ceremonies and national events.
Respecting the Tiranga and Its Colours
The Flag Code of India governs the display and usage of the national flag. Disrespecting the flag or using incorrect colours, proportions, or placement is considered a violation of the law. Citizens are encouraged to:
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Use the flag with dignity
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Follow official guidelines during hoisting
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Avoid commercial or decorative misuse
FAQ
1. What do the three colours in the Tiranga represent?
The saffron stands for courage and sacrifice, white signifies peace and truth, and green represents fertility and growth.
2. Why is the Ashoka Chakra blue in the Tiranga?
The navy blue Ashoka Chakra symbolizes the eternal wheel of law and progress. It draws from ancient Indian symbolism associated with justice and movement.
3. Can the Tiranga be used with different shades of colours?
No, the flag must follow specific colour codes issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards. Using incorrect shades is considered disrespectful and against the Flag Code of India.
